Blood pressure in hypertension.

High blood pressure in hypertension is the main criterion of chronic hypertension, which requires urgent treatment. It must be taken into account that slight fluctuations in blood pressure may occur throughout the day, this is normal. But if the elevated level remains at a high level for quite a long time or the pressure fluctuates with very large differences, then this is hypertension.

What is the blood pressure of a hypertensive patient?

Blood pressure in humans is expressed by two indicators: upper or systolic and lower (diastolic). In an adult, normal blood pressure should range between 120/80 and 129/84 mmHg. Symptoms indicating illness:

• headaches in the back of the neck;
• insomnia;
• dizziness;
• Fainting;
• pain in the heart area;
• goosebumps or circles before the eyes.

For hypertensive patients, the criteria vary depending on the stage of the disease, as shown in the table:

Degree of hypertension	Pressure readings mm Hg. Art.	Symptoms	Treatment
Light	From 140 to 90 to 160 to 100	Blood pressure periodically increases due to stress. Headache	Diet Normalization of lifestyle.
Moderate	160/100—180/110	Enlargement of the left ventricle of the heart. Dizziness Fainting	Medicines light exercise Diet
Heavy	Above 180/110	Stroke Myocardial infarction Cardiac arrhythmia nosebleeds	Powerful drugs Strict diet

Hypertension is more dangerous than low blood pressure. Care should also be taken with the pathology because in the initial stages there are practically no symptoms. Late detection of the problem threatens disruption of the functioning of internal organs and prolonged treatment.

How to measure to obtain a reliable result?

Blood pressure measurements must be taken correctly, the accuracy of the result will depend on this. Basic rules for taking measurements:

• Take measurements before meals, 3 times a day.
• The patient's hand should be at heart level.
• The cuff of the device should be in contact with the skin, but not too tight, so that the index finger can be placed between the cuff and the skin. You need to inflate the air quickly and deflate it slowly.
• 30 minutes before the procedure, do not smoke, drink coffee, tea or alcohol.
• During measurement, do not talk or force your hand.
• It is best to take measurements with both hands. In this case, the difference between left and right should normally not exceed 10%.

Main prevention methods.

For preventive purposes and to maintain normal blood pressure, simple requirements must be followed:

• monitor fluctuations in body weight;
• the amount of salt consumed should not exceed 5 g per day;
• Do simple exercises daily;
• eliminate alcohol and nicotine from consumption;
• Add fresh fruits and vegetables to your daily diet.

Proper treatment of high blood pressure.

It is possible to stabilize blood pressure, and sometimes completely get rid of the disease, in several ways: traditional or medicinal. At home, you can lower blood pressure with tea and tinctures. Pharmacological treatment should be used with extreme caution and after consulting a doctor. With some medications, blood pressure drops very quickly. Medicines are divided into the groups indicated in the table.

medication group	Indications	Contraindications
ACE inhibitors	Concomitant diseases such as diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease. For complex treatments	Chronic kidney disease Allergic reactions
sartans	atrial fibrillation diabetic nephropathy Intolerance to ACE inhibitors	There are practically no side effects The pregnancy
beta blockers	Heart rhythm disturbances Angina pectoris	Chronic lung disease
Diuretics	To eliminate excess fluid from the body, helping to lower blood pressure. Diabetes	Hypokalemia - long-term use of the drug removes beneficial substances from the body.
Fast action	For quick relief of symptoms. With complex treatment	Individual intolerance to the components of the drug.